硼矿石性质

1、矿石的矿物组成

我国内生硼矿几种矿石类型的矿物组成见下表1。

表1  我国内生硼矿类型及矿物组成

矿石类型

主要特征

典型矿区

硼镁石型

1、主要矿物是硼镁石和蛇纹石,前者及其集合体粒度较粗;后者浸染粒度较微细

2、主要矿物是硼镁石矽镁石,前者以网脉状与脉石矿物共生,易于解离。

1、辽宁砖庙沟

 

 

2、辽宁后仙峪

硼镁石-

磁铁矿-

蛇纹石型

1、主要矿物是硼镁石和磁铁矿,含有部分蛇纹石,前者与脉石矿物均匀共生,浸染粒度较细;

2、主要矿物是硼镁石和蛇纹石,含有部分磁铁矿,前者与脉石矿物交错连生,浸染粒度细;

1、辽宁凤城

 

 

2、吉林小东沟

硼镁石-

碳酸盐型

1、主要矿物是硼镁石(镁硼石)和方解石、白云石,其中碳酸盐矿物占脉石矿物量的80%以上;

2、主要矿物是硼镁石、菱镁矿和部分蛇纹石,硼镁石浸染粒度微细;但菱镁矿浸染粒度较粗

1、湖南常宁

 

 

2、吉林高台

硼镁石化

硼镁铁矿-

磁铁矿型

以硼镁铁矿为主要硼矿物,磁铁矿也占较大比例。前者多呈粒状、浸染粒度0.1~0.3mm;后者浸染粒度0.1~0.2mm

含铀硼镁铁

矿化硼镁石-

磁铁矿型

成分比较复杂,主要矿物有硼镁石、磁铁矿、蛇纹石,还含有一定量的硼镁铁矿和少量的晶质铀矿、硼镁石嵌布粒度细,连晶关系密切

辽宁翁泉沟

锰方硼石型

中国首次发现的新矿种,主要有用矿物为锰方硼石和菱锰矿;脉石矿物为铁白云石

河北蓟县

2、目的矿物的矿物特征

硼在自然界中分布很广,地壳中硼的重量克拉克值为5×10-3%,但含硼矿物很分散,虽然目前已知的含硼矿物至少有150种以上,而真正能被加工利用的仅仅十多种。

根据含硼矿物的化学组成,一般将其分为三类:硼硅酸盐矿物、硼铝硅酸盐矿物和硼酸盐矿物(包括含水硼酸盐矿物和无水硼酸盐矿物)。硼硅酸盐矿物主要是硅钙硼石[2CaO·B2O3·2SiO2·H2O]和赛黄晶[CaB2(SiO4)2];硼铝硅酸盐矿物主要是电气石[Na2O·(Fe,Mg)O·10Al2O3·18SiO2·4B2O3·5H2O]和斧石[Ca(Mn,Fe)Al2BSi4O15(OH)]。这两类含硼矿物中,只有硅钙硼石具有工业价值。作为硼加工工业原料的,主要是第三类-硼酸盐矿物,其主要矿物特征见下表2。

表2  硼酸盐类矿物的主要特征

矿物

名称

化学分子式

B2O3

含量%

晶形

光泽

颜色

密度

g/cm3

莫氏硬度

对水的可溶性

硼镁石

Mg2[B2O4(OH)](OH)

41.38

纤维状或针状集合本

丝绢光泽

白、灰、浅黄色

2.62~2.75

3~4

不溶

硼镁

铁矿

(Mg,Fe)2[BO3]O2

17.83

针状,纤维状,柱状结合体

珍珠、金刚光泽

黑、黑绿色

3.6~4.7

5.5~6

不溶

镁硼石

Mg2[BO3]4

36.54

细粒状

玻璃光泽

无色、白色

3.03~3.10

6.5

不溶

天然

硼酸

H3[BO3]

56.40

鳞片状、板状、钟乳状

玻璃、珍珠光泽

无色、白色

1.46~1.52

1.0

易溶

è´«æ°´

硼砂

Na2(H2O)3[B2B2O6(OH)2]

51.02

粒状或纤维状块体

玻璃丝绢光泽

无色、白色

1.90

2.5

易溶

钠硼

解石

NaCa(H2O)6[B3B2O7(OH)4]

42.95

结核状、纤维状块体

玻璃丝绢光泽

无色、白色

1.65~1.95

2.5

难溶

硬硼

钙石

Ca(H2O)[B2BO4(OH)3]

50.81

短柱状

玻璃、金刚光泽

无色、白色

2.41~2.44

4.5~5

不溶

白硼

钙石

Ca2(H2O)[B4BO7(OH)5]

48.44

结核状或致密状块体

无光泽

白色

2.26~2.48

3.0~4.5

不溶

æ°´æ–¹

硼石

CaMg(H2O)3[B2BO4(OH)3]2

50.53

放射状或纤维状集合体

玻璃光泽

无色、白色、玫瑰色

1.90~2.17

2

难溶

é”°æ–¹

硼石

Mn3[B3B4O12]OCl

50.36

他形粒状,变豆状集合体

油脂光泽

白色、色微灰

3.49

7

不溶

天然

硼砂

Na2(OH)8[B4O5(OH)4]

36.51

短柱状

玻璃油脂光泽

白、浅灰、浅黄色

1.69~1.72

2.0~2.5

可溶

遂安石

Mg2[B2O5]

46.34

束状、放射状,纤维状

玻璃油脂光泽

白色、淡褐色

2.91~2.93

5.9

不溶

柱硼

镁石

Mg[B2O(OH)6]

42.46

柱状、短柱状、纤维状

玻璃光泽

无色、白色、灰白色

2.3

3.5

 

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