Technical measures to increase production and quality of hybrid corn seed production 1
Guo Ran (Suzhou Seed Company) The author discovered many key problems in the production of hybrid corn seed and the field flower inspection for many years. For example, the isolation conditions of the production field do not meet the requirements, the parent's flowering time is not met or the meeting is not ideal, the impurity is not thorough, and the mother is detaminated. Not timely, incomplete, neglected to cut off the father and so on. The existence of these problems has a direct impact on the yield and quality of hybrid corn seed production and must be addressed with specific measures. 1 Isolation of strict farming system Maize is a typical cross-pollination crop, with high natural out-cross rate, especially at the flowering time, and the pollen spreads far and is easily polluted by alien pollen. Therefore, space separation should be carried out using physical and geographical conditions as far as possible to ensure that the isolation conditions reach more than 300m. Segregation of natural barriers should be based on isolation of superior conditions such as villages, mountains or orchards. High-stem crop isolation must choose crops with a plant height of more than 3m and a width of no less than 25m (such as sorghum/sunflower), and ensure that the crop achieves its ideal isolation height during the corn powdering stage. If time isolation is used, spring sowing and seeding require a difference of more than 40 days in the sowing date, and a difference of more than 30 days in summer sowing seeds to avoid alien pollen pollution. The parental segregation is often combined with other segregation methods. That is to say, a certain width of male parent is planted around the planting field, and the male pollen and the alien pollen are used to ensure the purity and yield of the hybrid. 2 Promote and protect parents' encounters during the flowering period Parents meet at the flowering stage is the premise to increase hybrid seed production and quality. To ensure and promote the good flowering of parents, pay attention to the following aspects: (1) Choosing a good field for planting fields requires a flat land for farming, basically the same fertilizer and water, good watering conditions, better sowing when planting sowing seeds, ensuring that all seedlings are sown and the growth of individuals is basically synchronized. (2) Determine when parents are suitable for sowing. The seed production unit must accurately grasp the characteristic characteristics of the parent species of the product (combination) produced, reasonably determine the parent's sowing date, and achieve appropriate sowing. Under normal circumstances, if the parents have the same flowering period or the maternal flowering period is 1 to 2 days earlier than the father, the parents can sow the seeds at the same time. If the flowering dates of the parents differ by more than 3 days, it is necessary to consider how to sow the seeds so that the flowering period is later. Parents broadcast another parent every other day. The father's late sowing variety (combination) can be used for multi-stage sowing. Adjusting the sowing period should grasp the principle of "adult mother and father, and not father and mother." For the new varieties (combinations), the seed production plan must be strictly established to ensure that the flowering period meets. If the species (combination) is still poorly understood, it is necessary to compress the area and carefully record the observations to lay the foundation for the next year's seed production. (3) Take remedial measures promptly. For unfavorable reasons such as poor flowering time due to climate or other reasons, partial fertilization, watering, cutting off roots, shearing of filaments, clipping of leaves, etc. may be used to adjust the flowering period according to different growth conditions of the parents, and artificial pollination may be performed when necessary. 3 strictly go to miscellaneous, bad The hybrid corn planting field will have a direct impact on the purity of the products it produces. The main types of maize hybrids were mutant strains, heterozygous hybrid strains, and biologically mixed hybrid strains, followed by inferior strains, small strains, and diseased strains. The thorough removal of hybrids in the field should be started from the seedling stage of maize, and strictly distinguish and remove the miscellaneous strains according to the characteristic characteristics of the parents. The miscellaneous activities in the field must be carried out several times in stages, and completed before the pumping. Therefore, the base technicians must make great efforts to eliminate miscellaneous work. The characteristics of various types of hybrids should be explained to the breeding households through on-site explanations and demonstrations, and the variant, hybrid, or suspicious strains and some diseases should be distinguished and removed based on the plant height, plant type, leaf color, and leaf width. Bad plants. In addition, we can increase the degree of rewards and punishments to eliminate miscellaneous and inferior products, increase acceptance standards for the system of crops, and eliminate the psychology of cultivators' willingness to remove miscellaneous strains. It is also forbidden to take the upper part of the miscellaneous plant and completely eliminate miscellaneous plants. 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