Development trend of remote sensing monitoring technology in mining area

remote sensing

In recent years, the development of remote sensing system technology and application technology has promoted the continuous improvement of the remote sensing monitoring technology of the ecological environment of mineral resources development zones, and has shown the following development trends and development directions.

Cooperative observation from a single data source to multiple source data

Because the mining environment has multi-layer and multi-space scale features, large-scale remote sensing data can help reveal the macroscopic characteristics of the mining environment. On small-scale high-resolution images, small targets such as mining sites and solid waste can be quickly and accurately identified. And to obtain the area, if there is a high-precision DEM, the volume of solid waste can be estimated, and the combination of multi-source and multi-scale data can more effectively monitor the complex target of the mining environment. Due to the limitation of remote sensing data sources, the traditional mining area environmental monitoring uses a relatively simple data source, which is difficult to reveal the complexity of the mining environment. At present, global satellite remote sensing has developed into an integrated all-weather, multi-level integrated Earth observation system with space, spectrum, and large, medium, small, and micro-satellite synergy, complementary to coarse, medium, fine, and fine resolution satellites. The radiation and time resolution continue to increase, and the data acquisition capability of the mining area environment has been monitored on a large scale and at multiple time and space scales. The research and development of mining area environmental monitoring technology that combines multi-source and multi-temporal scale remote sensing data is of great significance for revealing the environmental characteristics of the mining area and improving the environmental monitoring level of the mining area. Although the comprehensive data acquisition capability of multi-satellite has been greatly improved, the development of multi-source remote sensing stereoscopic observation data processing technology is relatively lagging. For multi-source remote sensing observation data, it is necessary to carry out research on the theory and method of collaborative processing of multi-source monitoring information for geo-mineral conditions. Focus on breakthrough research on key technologies such as multi-sensor, multi-phase, multi-scale, multi-platform, active and passive remote sensing data assimilation, collaborative processing and comprehensive cognition.

From routine observation to emergency response

Facing the need of rapid and accurate acquisition of spatial information for the emergency command of sudden environmental accidents in mining areas, we will study the real-time acquisition and rapid processing technology of spatial information in emergencies. As a new means of spatial data acquisition, UAV aerial remote sensing technology has the capability of high mobility, low cost, automation, and rapid access to spatial remote sensing information such as geographic resource environment. It is a powerful complement to satellite remote sensing and conventional aerial remote sensing, especially In the case of conventional aerial remote sensing and cloudy, foggy situations where satellite remote sensing is difficult to detect, or where remote sensing data is urgently needed, UAV remote sensing is becoming an economical and practical way to obtain large-scale aerial photography and remote sensing data in local areas. solution. In addition, around the environmental safety of typical mining areas, a cooperative integrated observation system for sky and land is constructed, and multi-dimensional, multi-scale complementary and synergistic relationship models of emergencies and multiple payload platforms are established to form space-based observations, space-based and The ground-based observation is supplemented by the emergency coordinated observation mechanism of the integrated integration of the sky, air and land; the satellites of different orbital types and different load types are uniformly planned, and the relationship model between the specific emergency and the satellite payload imaging mode is established to form a multi-satellite A collaborative imaging observation scheme for the ground area of ​​emergencies; on this basis, a new location-based real-time satellite imagery service model is used to provide active and fixed-point satellite data services to users in near real-time using virtual ground station technology. In the first time, the satellite data and surface element extraction results are pushed to the user to provide technical support for the remote sensing emergency response and rapid data acquisition of the mine emergency.

In the emergency response of mining area environmental disasters, it is necessary to strengthen the research on key technologies for real-time acquisition and rapid processing of space information in UAV airborne remote sensing mining areas, and strengthen research on multi-satellite coordinated observation, sky-ground coordinated observation, virtual ground station technology, etc., to provide timely emergency response to mines. High-quality spatial geographic information to meet emergency decision-making needs, improve emergency response capabilities and spatial information services in mining areas.

From static analysis to dynamic monitoring

Satellite remote sensing technology has the characteristics of periodic and repeated observations, which can monitor changes in the environment of mineral development zones. At present, the monitoring of environmental remote sensing changes in mineral resources development zones is mainly based on two or more phase-series remote sensing data, and comparative analysis between different time points is a static analysis, which is difficult to reveal the long-term dynamic changes of the ecological environment of mineral resources development zones. process. With the increase of time series satellite data sources and the development of time series analysis technology, the ecological environment monitoring of mineral resources development zones has transitioned from multi-temporal static analysis to long-term dynamic monitoring, from simple land cover type change to quantitative index analysis. .

The time series analysis method can provide a high time resolution of the typical mineral resource development zone ecological environment dynamic monitoring technology framework, monitoring and quantifying the long-term continuous changes of the ecological environment of the mineral resources development zone, such as ecological environment reconstruction, ecological evolution process simulation and analysis, etc. . By establishing the ecological sensitivity factor and land cover change trajectory data set of the mineral resource development zone, the time series information analysis of the ecological sensitivity factor and the time series information mining of the frequent sequence pattern, the accompanying sequence model and the aggregate sequence pattern of the land cover sequence are carried out, thereby The dynamic characteristics of ecological sensitive factors and surface cover change in mineral resources development zones are obtained, and the changes of ecological environment and the spatial and temporal distribution patterns and evolution characteristics of ecological land cover are deeply understood.

Considering the characteristics of the impact of the mineral resources development zone on the ecological environment and the characteristics of remote sensing data, combined with land use and coverage data, the quantitative dynamic monitoring index system of the ecological environment of the time series mineral resources development zone is constructed to realize the transition from qualitative analysis to quantitative expression. It mainly includes the spatial distribution and area of ​​the mining area of ​​mineral resources development zone, the spatial distribution of tailings, the number of plaques in the mineral resources development zone, the average plaque area, the surface damage rate, the area and proportion of the open-pit mining occupied ecosystem type, and the mining solid waste. The quantitative pressure monitoring indicators of the area and proportion of the ecosystem type and the area and proportion of the ecosystem type of the reclamation.

Dynamic monitoring of mineral resources development zones is conducive to long-term, systematic and dynamic monitoring of the ecological environment, providing scientific decision-making basis for the state and policy makers. In the future, we should focus on the continuous dynamic monitoring of mining environment based on long-term sequence remote sensing data and time series analysis technology, clarify the long-term trend of environmental changes in the mining area, seasonal variation patterns and short-term unexpected events, and analyze the time of occurrence of environmental changes in the mining area. Location and incentives to achieve better monitoring and prediction of the mining environment, which has important practical significance for the sustainable development of mineral resources and reasonable protection and planning and control of the ecological environment of the mineral development zone.

From visual interpretation of remote sensing images to automation and intelligence of information extraction

With the increasing use of multi-source and multi-sensor data, especially high-resolution data in mine environmental monitoring, mining environment remote sensing monitoring technology has entered the era of big data, and the sharp increase in the amount of remote sensing data has raised the remote sensing information extraction technology for mining areas. High requirements. At present, remote sensing image information extraction in mining areas is basically in the state of artificial interpretation or semi-automatic interpretation, which is low in efficiency and low in universality. In order to meet the complex, massive, heterogeneous, dynamic, multi-source, multi-temporal and multi-scale spatial data of mining areas, The demand for processing, automated and intelligent mining area remote sensing information extraction technology is an important research work to be carried out in the future.

At present, with the development of remote sensing technology, rapidly expanding data and increasing demand put forward higher and higher requirements for the efficiency and accuracy of remote sensing image information extraction technology. However, at present, there is no effective automatic information extraction method for remote sensing images suitable for various purposes. The human visual system shows great advantages in cognitive scenarios. The human visual system receives a large amount of visual information all the time, but reacts in real time and accurately locates the searched target. This real-time responsiveness comes from the high speed and parallelism of the visual information processing process. At the same time, in the face of a complex scene, humans will always choose a few significant areas or objects for priority processing, while ignoring or discarding other non-significant areas or objects, with exceptional data filtering capabilities. This process is called visual attention. The human visual perception system has excellent data screening capabilities. In the face of all kinds of information that are changing all the time, human beings can choose some important visual information to respond from the massive information entering the human eye. This selective and active physiological and psychological activity is called visual attention. mechanism. The introduction and study of this attention mechanism in the remote sensing information extraction processing of mining areas is of great significance for better solving the problem of massive remote sensing data screening and improving the intelligence of remote sensing information extraction in mining areas.

For the massive remote sensing data, we can start from summarizing and analyzing the existing human visual attention model, select the appropriate visual attention model algorithm for detailed exploration, and improve the high-resolution remote sensing image and the specific mine target characteristics. A new visual attention model for high-resolution remote sensing images to improve the automation and intelligence of mine target recognition in high-resolution remote sensing images.

Application of new earth observation technology to mine environmental monitoring

In recent years, in order to acquire knowledge of the Earth system (atmosphere, ocean and land) and to understand its changing laws, countries around the world have worked hard to develop new information acquisition technologies. In the field of space-to-surface observation technology, many new types of earth observation instruments and information acquisition technologies have emerged. These new Earth observation technologies provide a new approach to mine environmental monitoring.

The airborne lidar 3D scanning system is a new aerial remote sensing geodetic observation technology integrating laser range finder, global positioning system and inertial navigation unit, which provides an unprecedented solution for quickly obtaining high-precision topographic data. The airborne LiDAR system can acquire hundreds of thousands of points of data per second in flight, with large lateral scanning angles, enabling large-scale three-dimensional geomorphology, features and vegetation scanning in a short period of time, and data can reach centimeters in horizontal and vertical directions. Level accuracy. LiDAR technology has been recognized by different industries for its convenience, repeatability, absolute positioning, and the true three-dimensional nature of data and unprecedented precision. As a technical means to accurately and quickly acquire 3D data from the ground, LiDAR technology has broad application prospects in mine environmental monitoring. It can be used for mine target information extraction, mine DEM construction, mine emergency fast data acquisition, high vegetation coverage mine. Subsidence monitoring, digital mine construction and other fields.

The video satellite is a new type of Earth observation satellite. Compared with the traditional Earth observation satellite, its biggest feature is that it can “gaze” an area and obtain dynamic information in a “video recording” manner. The meter-level geostationary orbit optical imaging satellite actively developed in the world has long-term video shooting capability and has broad application prospects in the field of environmental monitoring in mining areas.

The development of new earth observation technology provides a new technical means for environmental monitoring of mining areas. The research and application of new earth observation technology such as laser radar and video satellite in environmental monitoring of mining areas should be strengthened.