Development and Promotion of Commercial Vehicles

1 Introduction to "modern economic growth" starting with research in developed countries

Known to the world's famous economist Kuznets, in his speech “Modern Economic Growth: Facts and Reflections” published in the Nobel Prize for Economics, he pointed out: “A country’s economic growth can be defined as its people. The long-term rise in the ability to supply increasing varieties of economic goods, the capacity for this growth, is based on improved technology, and the institutional and ideological adjustments it requires.” Continuous expansion of the supply of goods is the result of economic growth. Should rely on advanced technology to achieve, and ensure that advanced technology fully play its role, there must be a corresponding system and ideological adjustments.

This article hopes that through Dongfeng Company (commercial vehicle company) more than twenty years in promoting the application of equipment and three new technologies to adopt the methods, achievements, existing problems, solutions and other aspects of the discussion, put forward a set of promotion and application of equipment and three new technologies In order to adapt to the current mode of operation of joint ventures with Nissan’s joint ventures, it can effectively bring into play the role of three new technologies in the enterprise, improve product quality, increase production efficiency, reduce manufacturing costs, reduce energy consumption, and improve core corporate competition. force.

2 New technology of equipment definition The definition of “high-tech terminology for equipment engineering” edited by the Maintenance Engineering Society of China Machinery Engineering and Engineering Society means “in the current emerging technologies that are rapidly developing, also known as cutting-edge technologies and pilots in the country. Technology, etc. High-tech include: electronic technology, new material technology, new energy technology, bioengineering technology, and communications technology.” This is a broad concept. The three new technologies we are talking about are the equipments for enterprises (in the industrial enterprises directly participate in the production process or directly serve the production of machinery and equipment, mainly including machinery, power and conduction equipment, etc.) and tooling (as auxiliary equipment for on-site production New equipment, new processes, new materials, such as tools, measuring tools, fixtures, auxiliary tools, molds, etc.) Generally, this type of technology has not been around for a long time. Generally, it has just been studied. It is in the transitional period from the conversion of science and technology to the application of technology. There are fewer enterprises, there are high usage costs, the application risk is high, and the use efficiency is not good. Short-term is not obvious.

3 The significance of the application of three new technologies 3.1 The role of new technology applications in the development of the country (Japan's development experience after World War II) Let's look at Japan first: the most shocking events in the history of the world economy in the mid to late 1970s There is nothing more than the rapid rise of the Japanese economy. A resource-poor country, after experiencing the catastrophic failure of the Second World War, unexpectedly emerged in less than thirty years, becoming the world’s third largest industrial country and economy after the United States and the Soviet Union. Strong country. What contributed to the glory of Japan's economy?

After the Second World War, Japan, as a defeated country, was weak in economic and scientific and technological strength. It could not compete with Europe and the United States at all. It was a country with limited land and resources, and it was dependent on the processing of imported resources into product exports in order to survive. Down. Therefore, in the early 1950s, Japan began to introduce a large number of advanced foreign technologies to enhance its processing capabilities and technological level. In this economic environment, Japan has established a catch-up industrial policy to rejuvenate the industry and achieve economic self-reliance. With the focus on the rationalization of the industry, it has put forward the well-known industrial benchmark theory, namely the "income elasticity benchmark" and "productivity increase." "Basis" will give priority to developing industries with large income elasticity and rapid increase in labor productivity. The industrial benchmark theory enables the Japanese government to choose heavy chemical industry as a priority to develop industries. The specific revitalization measures include the following components: support for heavy chemical industries, selective allocation of foreign exchange, selective approval of the introduction of foreign technologies, selective adoption of taxation, etc. Allocate capital. If huge amounts of money were spent on introducing the world’s most advanced set of Belgium’s steelmaking blast furnaces and related smelting technologies, the heavy industry’s technological leadership has been established. Until now, Japan’s production technology for special steels is still in a leading position. Many countries have to Buy the country's steel. The center of the metal industry is steel, an indispensable material for construction, automobiles, ships, and electrical machinery.

In 1997 Japan consumed 86 million tons of crude steel and 685 kilograms per capita. In 1998, Japan produced 93.55 million tons of crude steel, ranking third in the world after China and the United States. Japan's technology ranks among the highest in the world in terms of high value-added steel products such as special steel.

Crude steel production rankings of the world's major steel companies (unit: million tons) Source: Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation: Development of the world and China's steel industry 2002-09-23 Japan's economy began to embark on high-speed development in the 1950s , because it attaches great importance to the introduction of advanced technology from abroad.

Formulate strategies for the development of absorptive development technologies, and prioritize the introduction of foreign advanced technologies with foreign exchange, which was quite limited at the time. According to statistics, between 1950 and 1975 (which is exactly the time when Japan was modernized), Japan introduced 25,777 foreign technologies, paid foreign patent fees, technical guidance fees, and so on, totaling approximately US$5.73 billion. While introducing technology, it actively digests, absorbs, promotes, and spreads advanced technologies. Japan introduces "advancement, digestion, absorption, and improvement" strategies when introducing advanced foreign technologies, and focuses on the necessary digestion and improvement of imported technologies to make them more suitable for domestic requirements. Only in this way can they catch up with the developed countries in a short period of time and become one of the few economic powers in the world.

3.2 Significance for the development of enterprises First, only technological innovation can achieve sustainable economic growth. In the modern economy, if we rely solely on increasing the input of production factors to increase output, economic growth will face an upper limit. Moreover, Japan is a resource-poor country. Most production materials rely on imports. Therefore, technological innovation is Japan's best way to seek development. Second, the type of Japanese industrial policy determines that it must maintain its technological leadership. After the Second World War, Japan established a catch-up industrial policy. Its core idea is to heighten its industrial structure and surpass the developed countries of the United Kingdom and the United States. This requires Japan to establish its own leading industry as soon as possible. However, if Japan places its future on labor-intensive industries, "it will never be able to shake off the poverty and stagnation model in Asia." Therefore, capital and technology-intensive industries must be developed. Third, the international trade situation has prompted Japan to shift its policy focus to supporting technological development. In the era of increasingly close international division of labor, with the growth of developing countries and changes in the structure of comparative advantage, developed capitalist countries such as Japan must continue to develop high-tech industries and maintain their own technological advantages before they can stand in international trade. Unbeaten. At the same time, the International Trade Organization has formulated a series of free trade rules, requiring all member states to reduce tariffs, prohibit import restrictions and export subsidies, and implement investment liberalization, but to a certain extent recognize the participation of the state in scientific and technological development.

Japan, which has established a "trade-based country," can only open up the world market more broadly, only by abolishing its direct protection policy and adopting a policy of supporting research and development and encouraging technological innovation.

Japan always regards technological innovation as the driving force of economic development, and its technological innovation goal is engineering technological innovation. It is rapidly applied to practice and raises productivity as a value standard, enabling Japan to establish a high-tech industry in just 20 years. , which can effectively catch up with the developed countries in Europe and America. However, this feature also determines that its technological innovation can only be additive and improved and lacks original technological development. However, this innovative approach can be adopted on the premise of Japan’s possession of resources: to master the world’s leading technologies, of course, mainly foreign technologies; to have a wealth of equipment investment funds, which is supported by Japan’s high national savings rate for a long time; The entrepreneur who is good at quickly converting new technologies into productive forces and willing to invest in new equipment is an important factor in Japan’s long-term high-tech industry’s leading position in the world. The people have a balanced and good cultural quality and become an abundant human resource for industrial upgrading. This is the result of Japan’s insistence on education.

Science and technology are productivity, and technological progress is the driving force and locomotive of economic growth. This is a consensus of all human beings. In the ever-changing science and technology of the third industrial revolution, the three elements of the productive forces: the labor force, the production tools, and the labor object are also inseparable from the role and influence of science and technology. The intense competition for high-tech advantages among countries is actually the focus of current international economic competition. It can be said that companies without new technologies will be eliminated by the society sooner or later. Only by continuously adopting all three new technologies and striving to improve product quality and reduce manufacturing costs, can we stand on the market without retreat.

4 Problems in the Extension and Application of the New Three Technologies 4.1 The higher costs As the three new technologies are generally just developed, they are in low-volume production and the cost is high. At the same time, there are generally cases where patents are used for payment, which increases the cost of use. For example, a new repair technology (FMG) can repair large-scale cracks, pull gears and shafts that have been damaged, but the cost is almost the same as new purchases. In the case of equipment maintenance cycle requirements are not too tight, they still choose new ones. Make a spare part.

4.2 Effectiveness Takes Time The performance of the three new technologies requires a longer period of time, generally more than one year, while others require five or six years to achieve better performance.

4.3 There is a certain degree of risk General new development (invention) of the three new technologies may have no significant effect in the trial, and may even result in the loss of property, personnel, and cycle of use of the unit. For example, the power saver used in commercial vehicle forging factories last year was not effective after half a year's trial test. The manufacturer proposed that 20% energy saving could not be realized, and the power factor compensation of the whole plant was also reduced. Cause some loss.

5Dongfeng Motor Company's history of the promotion and application of three new technologies Before 2003, Dongfeng Corporation was under the unified leadership of the Ministry of Science and Technology (Technology Department and Science and Technology Commission), and the chief teachers' offices (technical departments) of each factory and functional department were responsible for the promotion of the three new technologies of their respective units. application. Each year, the planning department issues annual indicators for technological innovation and economic planning, which are then decomposed at every level by the equipment department. At the end of each quarter and year-end, the chief teacher office is responsible for inspection and evaluation. Various departments and workshops are responsible for arranging special personnel for the launch, organization, acceptance and award of new technologies. The process is as follows: The work began in the year 82. The new technology projects and achievements in the past years have been applied as follows: The equipment maintenance has adopted many new technologies and new processes that are easy to generate from the main problems, such as machine tool rail surface damage, shafts Partial wear of parts, leakage of equipment and other issues. Therefore, the test application promotes the following kinds of new technologies: (1) The following repair methods are used for the machine guide rail surface tension: l, epoxy resin plus iron powder or copper powder adhesion repair method; 2, 50l, 5O2 instantaneous dry adhesive Mixture plus iron powder or copper powder paste method; 3, HNT wear-resistant plastic to compensate for the transmission part size link complement method; 4, AR a 4 wear adhesive repair method; 5, cast iron welding cold welding method; Alloy electrode welding method; 7, silver tin alloy welding method. (2) The following repair methods are applied to the local wear of shaft parts: 1. Chromium plating method; 2. Metal spraying method; 3. Plasma spray plating method; 4. Low temperature iron plating method; 5. Glass cloth and adhesive bonding method 6, metal coating method. (c) The box hole wear can be repaired by metal plating. (4) Cracks in castings, such as equipment, boxes, etc., can be repaired by metal fastening. (e) Machine tool leakage. In order to solve the oil leakage, it is necessary to find leakproof materials and sealing materials and relevant technical data such as WII, W-2, 60L, 6O9, MF-1, MF-2, MF-3, and other sealants for testing, and with professional The factory selects different machine tools together, and tests and promotes different parts. (6) Cold-bonding process of rubber parts: In the equipment, some large-sized rubber parts are often pressed by molds, which is expensive and time-consuming and cannot meet maintenance requirements. Therefore, cold-bonding technology is used to solve production needs. Save time and reduce costs. (7) Electrical measurement (now called equipment diagnosis and condition monitoring technology) technology: At the beginning, the understanding of equipment diagnostic status monitoring technology is not very clear, and the monitoring technology is limited to measurement of forging and pressing equipment for measurement of outage and motion coordination. This only solved the contradiction between process and equipment. Other projects have not yet started.

The various repair methods mentioned above have made great achievements in equipment maintenance, parts repair, and spare parts manufacturing. Among them, AR-4 wear-resisting adhesive repairs the problem of machine rail surface tension, which was the first and technical achievement at that time. It brought convenience to maintenance personnel throughout the country, saved a lot of metal materials, reduced processing time, and used this method. In the full range of the second steam, more than 400 pieces of equipment were replenished. The specialized factories are also widely used and promoted in Hubei Province and five provinces in the Central South Region. Other brother factories in the country also send people to learn about this method. This kind of glue can not only make up the pulling surface of the machine tool guide rail, but also can make up the strain on the inner surface of the oil cylinder. Sand and air holes can also be used for this kind of adhesive blocking, and the effect is also very good. Metal plating technology is also very good for repairing local wear of large shafts. No mechanical processing is required after coating, which is a good way to solve urgently needed parts repairs, save raw materials, reduce processing costs, and meet production needs. In the past few years, a lot of work has been done to solve the production problems for various professional factories. The effect has been remarkable, raw materials and processing costs have been saved, and the equipment repair time has been shortened. Therefore, it is very popular among professionals.

After the joint venture with Nissan in July 2003, some changes have taken place in the work flow. The Ministry of Manufacturing Technology is responsible for centralized management of scientific research and intermediate pilot projects. However, the promotion and application functions of the three new technologies for equipment are still in the Department of Equipment and Technology Management. The equipment technology management department will collect three new technologies and adopt certain methods to demonstrate the feasibility and formulate an annual promotion plan, which will be implemented after approval by the Ministry of Manufacturing Technology.

6 Current Application Status of Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd.

6. Example of Economic Benefit Analysis of the New Technology Project Promoted and Applied in 6.205 In 2005, according to the company's development plan, the centralized supply of compressed air to the 41th plant will be changed to the segmented gas supply, and a new type of air compressor will be applied—screw air pressure The machine has replaced piston air compressors that have been used in various factories since it was built.

6.2.1 Background of the project At present, the energy-saving mode of supply of compressed air is: the layout of the pieces, the air compressors are arranged at the points of use, and they are used with the air, instead of the centralized air compressor stations, through the compressed air pipe network. Supply air, reduce pipe network pressure drop and pipe network loss. Piston air compressors are gradually replaced by screw air compressors because of their inherent operational components, large fuel consumption, and low noise (typically 110 dB). Screw air compressors have fewer running parts and have low noise (generally 80 dB power consumption, low failure rate characteristics. The monitoring and management of the operating stations also changed from manual inspections to remote monitoring of computers.

6.2.2 Analysis of the status of the project The plant currently has 7 sets of L8-60-8 piston air compressors with 60 cubic meters per minute, 5 sets are used for normal gas supply, and 2 sets are spare, each of which has a power of 350KW. The total gas consumption is 300 cubic meters per minute. Piston-type air compressors have many moving parts, frequent failures, high noise, and large fuel consumption. They will be overhauled every 5-7 years. Failure rate: 2.5%, large noise: 110 decibels, large oil content: 20g/m3, now, noise at station #3 is as high as 110 decibels, and it is still difficult to achieve compliance after treatment. Since the whole plant's compressed air has not undergone freeze-drying, coarse filtration, and fine filtration subsequent processing, the compressed air has the characteristics of high water content and high oil content, resulting in excessive accumulation of water in the compressed air storage tank and pipe network, affecting the equipment. Normal operation, frequent use of gas equipment failure, or even cause the device can not start; at the same time cause pipeline rust, accelerate the rust damage of pneumatic components. The most obvious example is the more serious accumulation of water in the storage tanks in the winter, and the accumulation of water in the two compressed air storage tanks in the Zhongchong and the finished product warehouses is 3/5, and it is necessary to discharge water regularly every day. Due to the serious accumulation of water, often causing the 1250T press to start, the transformer installed capacity (3 units) is higher, the capacity is 1250KVA+1800KVA+500KVA=3550KVA, the basic monthly power of the transformer: 3550KVA*16.239Yuan/KVA=58000Yuan/month.

The entire plant consists of an air compressor terminal and uses mesh compression lines to deliver air. One air point is used for gas, and the whole plant air network has compressed air. In order to overcome the loss of pipe network and pressure drop and supply gas to the gas equipment at the end of the pipe network, it is necessary to increase the supply pressure and supply volume of the entire pipe network, which is a very uneconomical gas supply method. If you change the supply of gas for the slicing or the key precision equipment alone, you can supply gas to a piece or a piece of equipment, reducing the supply of compressed air, the supply pressure, and the leakage of the pipe network. To ensure pressure and economic operation.

6.2.3 Project Implementation Plan The entire plant is to be served by a compressed air terminal using a mesh compression line. One air point is used for gas, and the whole plant air network has compressed air. In order to overcome the loss of pipe network and pressure drop and supply gas to the gas equipment at the end of the pipe network, it is necessary to increase the supply pressure and supply volume of the entire pipe network, which is a very uneconomical gas supply method. If you change the air supply for the slicing or the precise supply of the key precision equipment, you can supply air to a piece or a piece of equipment, reducing the compressed air supply, the supply pressure, and the leakage of the pipe network. To ensure pressure and economic operation.

6.2.4 Economic Benefit Analysis A. Each air compressor will be overhauled once every six years and the overhaul cost will be 160,000 yuan. Each annual overhaul fee is: 27,000 yuan; B. The annual maintenance fee for each excitation cabinet and high-voltage cabinet is: 6,000 yuan; C. The annual mechanical maintenance fee for each air compressor is: 5,000 yuan.

D. The annual maintenance cost of auxiliary equipment is (water pump, cooling tower, fan, pipeline, valve) 1,500 yuan; the annual total maintenance cost of 7 equipment is: 276,500 yuan (maintenance fee is calculated according to the annual equipment maintenance situation) E, Loss of compressed air leakage: 430,416 yuan. Due to leakage of the compressed air pipe network and equipment, it is equivalent to one air compressor doing no work, the power is 350KW, the work is done every 244 days a year, the work is calculated every day for 18 hours, the power load is calculated as 70%, and the electricity charge is 0.4 yuan/KWH The annual loss caused by leakage is 430,416 yuan. 244×18h×50KW×70%×0.4 yuan=430416 yuan. Before the renovation, the total annual cost is 706,916 yuan.

The annual savings after the renovation are as follows: A. Due to the transformation, the total gas supply is 240 cubic meters per minute, which is a decrease of 60 cubic meters per minute compared to the previous 300 cubic meters per minute, and the total motor power is 175 KW X 8 = 1 400 KW Compared with the previous 1750KW, 350KW was reduced, the power load was calculated at 70%, and the electricity tariff was calculated at 0.4RMB/KW, which was equivalent to a reduction of the operating fee of 430416 yuan. (5 × 350-8 × 75) KW × 8h × 244 days × 70% × 0.4 yuan = 430416 yuan B, screw air compressor failure rate is low, the annual mechanical and electrical maintenance costs of 12,400 yuan, every 10 years For overhaul, the overhaul fee is 80,000 yuan, (12400+8000)×=163,200. The total annual cost of equipment is 163,200 yuan. Compared to the original reduction of 276500-163200 = 113,300 yuan.

C. Repair the compressed air pipe network and equipment, and control the leakage amount within 5% of the total gas production. The leakage loss was 86,083 yuan. 1400KW × 18h × 244 days × 70% × 5% × 0.4 yuan = 86083 yuan leakage savings 430,416 yuan - 86,083 yuan = 344,333 yuan.

D. The basic cost of transformers can be saved annually: (3550-1500)×16.239 RMB/KVA×12 months=399500 RMB Total annual savings: 430,416 yuan +113,300 yuan +399,500 yuan +344,333 yuan = 1,287,549 yuan Investment profit ratio: annual cost savings 1287549 Yuan, with a total investment of 8.42 million yuan. Return on investment: 1287549 yuan ÷ 8420000 yuan =15.29% investment payback period (static): 8420000 yuan ÷ 1287549 yuan = 6.5 years The payback period is 7 years.

It can be seen that the promotion and application of the three new technologies of equipment has gradually achieved certain results through the joint operation of two years of joint ventures. The operation mode has gradually become clear, the mode of operation has been gradually formed, and a certain amount of applications have been achieved through the application of the three new technologies. Economic benefits.

7 Rational Mechanism for Commercial Vehicle Corporations to Promote Three New Technologies of Application Equipment 7.1 Formulate a basic strategy for technological innovation of commercial vehicle companies The strategic objectives of the strategy are: to strengthen the highly efficient economy based on the principle of free competition, improve the international competitiveness of enterprises, and challenge the unknown areas. To maximize its creativity, its key policy areas include: using the 8.2 billion in cash provided by Japan and Japan in the joint venture to focus on upgrading and investing in equipment, using advanced technology, energy-saving and technology-leading equipment. Improve the overall level of technology.

7.2 Advocating cross-functional cooperation Focusing on internal constraints and business transparency, establish a function that meets the requirements of the company's internal and external conditions and competitive environment, and clearly define the functions and division of duties of the company's headquarters, business units, and factories (specialized factories). Units, rational division of labor, integration of professional and resource advantages, strengthening of corporate headquarters strategic planning and macro-control capabilities, construction of a three-tier organizational structure with clear responsibilities and responsibilities, and improvement of the agility and market for the promotion and application of the three new technology organizational structures and operational mechanisms. Degree. The current organizational structure flow chart is as follows: Through this matrix organization organization, the advantages of the functional department and the business department are utilized, which is very beneficial to the promotion and application of new technologies. For project team members, he is both a functional department and a production site use department. Headquarters can deploy forces to organize project development teams to facilitate unified scheduling of technicians and equipment.

7.3 Utilize specialized technical and functional departments to strictly carry out tests and demonstrations of the new functional projects conducted by the functional departments of the tests. According to the materials obtained from the investigation, the annual scientific research and intermediate test project plans are proposed, selection test sites are selected, and a detailed feasibility analysis report is made. . After the trial, organize experts to review and make conclusions.

7.4 Application of promotion and direct investment After a successful new technology test, it will be promoted in all equipment departments of the whole plant. The promotion work must be coordinated by relevant personnel of the entire system to ensure that each new technology is very short Time can be applied throughout the company. And organize and organize various forms of learning exchange experience, organize on-site visits, on-site operation performances, and provide some learning materials.

7.5 Determine the application of the three new technologies The goal is to prevent short-sighted phenomena. After rigorously scrutinized projects, even if they do not see large benefits in one or two years, they must be promoted and applied.

8 Conclusions Technological innovation has increasingly become a hot topic for government leaders, entrepreneurs, or academics around the world. People have deeply felt the role of technological innovation in economic development during the course of world economic development. In particular, the history of economic development in the past 200 years has powerfully demonstrated the fact that the center of world economic development has always shifted with the center of technological innovation. A country with a lack of natural resources can be prosperous and flourishing because of the active technological innovation. On the contrary, an originally fertile country can also be left behind due to the silence of technological innovation activities. In the past 20 years, many large and medium-sized enterprises in China have introduced technological activities such as digestion and absorption to make our products and processes reach a new level. Some products have reached or approached the international level. In the past, home appliances that were dominated by imported goods, such as color TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, and air conditioners, had already occupied a major market share. The majority of small and medium-sized enterprises, including township and township enterprises, have carried out technological innovation activities mainly based on imitation, introduced techniques from domestic large and medium-sized enterprises, introduced talents, and imitated products, so that many products that were originally only available to large and medium-sized enterprises were produced by them, and many complicated equipment were produced. Or they have mastered the technology, and even a lot of products that originally had to rely on imports will also be manufactured. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have emerged from the face of backwardness and become a force for the country's export earnings.

Numerous facts at home and abroad have come to a conclusion: technological innovation is the fundamental driving force for economic growth. Sustained economic growth comes from the continued active technological innovation.

For such a large-scale Sino-foreign joint venture company, Dongfeng Co., Ltd., we must establish a variety of foreign and domestic automobile manufacturing industries and achieve the great goal of "China No. 1 and No. 3 in the world" of commercial vehicles. The implementation strategy of technological progress, the promotion of the use of a large number of new technologies in equipment, leading the competition in terms of product quality, manufacturing processes, etc., reducing the cost of production and energy use, and producing products of excellent quality and low cost. . And in the system to ensure the application of the three new technologies, determine a set of sound argumentation procedures, increase efforts to promote, and ultimately improve the core competitiveness of commercial vehicles. Ensure the smooth implementation of the 2 3 plan and rank among the top ranks in the automotive industry.

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